What type of liability includes punitive striking of inmates and excessive force?

Tort liability is the correct answer because it encompasses civil wrongs that cause harm or loss to individuals, leading to legal liability for the responsible party. In the context of peace officers and their interactions with inmates, tort liability specifically addresses issues related to intentional or negligent actions that result in injury.

When a peace officer uses excessive force or engages in punitive striking of inmates, they may be held liable under tort law for causing harm. Such actions can be considered a breach of the duty of care owed to those in custody, which is grounded in both constitutional protections and general legal standards.

These actions can lead to civil lawsuits where the injured party seeks damages for their suffering. Unlike criminal liability, which involves prosecution by the state for violations of criminal law, tort liability focuses on compensating the victim rather than punishing the offender; it aims to make the injured party whole again through monetary compensation.

In this context, contract liability relates to breaches of agreements; criminal liability concerns state prosecution for violations of law; and civil liability typically covers a broader range of non-criminal wrongs, but tort liability specifically highlights the nature of personal injuries caused by wrongful acts. Thus, tort liability is the most precise term for the situation described.