What does HIV primarily attack?

HIV primarily attacks the defensive immune system, specifically targeting CD4 T cells, which are a crucial component of the immune response. These cells play an essential role in helping the body fight off infections and diseases. By attacking and destroying these cells, HIV weakens the immune system, making the individual more susceptible to opportunistic infections and other complications that can arise when the body is unable to effectively defend itself.

The focus of HIV on the immune system highlights its role in not just the virus’ transmission but also its progression to AIDS, where the immune system becomes severely compromised. Understanding this mechanism is vital for grasping why individuals with HIV need ongoing medical care and treatment to manage their health and prevent the disease from advancing.